Everything about Shinichiro Tomonaga totally explained
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga or
Shinichirō Tomonaga (朝永 振一郎
Tomonaga Shin'ichirō,
March 31,
1906 –
July 8,
1979) was a
Japanese
physicist, influential in the development of
quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics in
1965 along with
Richard Feynman and
Julian Schwinger.
Biography
Tomonoga was born in
Tokyo in 1906. He was the second child and eldest boy of a Japanese philosopher,
Sanjūrō Tomonaga. He entered the
Kyoto Imperial University in 1926.
Hideki Yukawa, also a
Nobel Prize winner, was one of his classmates during
undergraduate school. During graduate school at the same university, he worked as an assistant in the university for three years. After graduate school, he joined
Nishina's group in
Riken. In 1937, while working in
Leipzig, he collaborated with the research group of
Werner Heisenberg. Two years later, he returned to Japan due to the outbreak of the
Second World War, but finished his doctoral degree on the study of
nuclear materials with his thesis on work he'd done while in Leipzig.
In Japan, he was appointed to a professorship in the Tokyo University of Education (a forerunner of
Tsukuba University). During the war he studied the
magnetron,
meson theory, and his
"super-many-time" theory. In 1948, he and his students re-examined a 1939 paper by
Sidney Dancoff that attempted, but failed, to show that the infinite quantities that arise in
QED can be canceled with each other. Tomonaga applied his super-many-time theory and a relativistic method based on the non-relativistic method of
Pauli and
Fierz to greatly speed up and clarify the calculations. Then he and his students found that Dancoff had overlooked one term in the
perturbation series. With this term, the theory gave finite results; thus Tomonaga discovered the
renormalization method independently of
Julian Schwinger and calculated physical quantities such as the
Lamb shift at the same time.
In the next year, he was invited by
Robert Oppenheimer to work at the
Institute for Advanced Study in
Princeton Township. He studied a
many-body problem on the collective oscillations of a quantum-mechanical system. In the following year, he returned to Japan and proposed the
Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. In 1965, he was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics (alongside
Julian Schwinger and
Richard P. Feynman) for the study of QED, specifically for the discovery of the
renormalization method. He died in
Tokyo in 1979.
Anecdote
He performed a
rakugo in
German during a campus festival at the
University of Tokyo, demonstrating his broad cultural interests.
He honored
Yoshio Nishina as his teacher in physics throughout his life. Now his tomb is next to that of
Yoshio Nishina and the epitaph on his tombstone reads "He rests within the hearing of his teacher".
Further Information
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